Piston



April 22 1924.

H. A. CARSON PISTON Filed July 55. 1922 llllHlllLh mmluii 1 piston and cylinder.

escued Apr. 22; 1924.

names a. censor, or an. :osnrn, masons;

rns'roz.

"Application an m 1922. Serial no. meat".

ToaZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Hnnnr A. CARBON, a citizen of the United States and resident of St. Joseph, county of Buchanan, Stateof I Missouri, have invented acertain new and useful Improvement in Pistons, of which the following is a complete specification.

vThe 'pre'senfinvention relates to pistons for pump and engine cylinders, and aims to Q'PIOYldG an improved type of piston having a self-adjustin skirt ortion adapted to antomatically ta e up or wear between the It is also an object to provide a piston lsi'structure' in which the wear which takes "place between its head and the cylinder gz-walls will be caused to take place more evenly and uniformly, by the elimination of f'practically all cockinginovement of the pisqton ,and piston rings, whereby what is a known as piston slap is likewise prevented.

it is further sought to provide a construction of this character in which more beflicient provisionis made for, lubrication of the piston and cylinder wall surfaces. Essentially, the invention comprises a piston structure consisting of a piston head having a sectional skirt portion so constructed and assembled as to automatically take up for wear between vthe skirt and piston head and the cylinder walls.-

With the foregoing general objects in view, the invention will now be described by reference to the accompanying. drawin illustrating only-form of construction whic I have devised for embodying the proposed improvements, after which those features deemed to be novel will be particularly set forth and claimed.

' In the drawing-- Figure 1 is a side elevation of a piston constructed'in accordance with the present invention; Figure 2 is a central sectional view of the same, taken along the axis of its wrist pin; Figures 3 and 4 are plan and side views, respectively, of one of' the sections of the piston skirt;

Figure 5 is a plan view of one of the expension rings for the skirt sections; and

Figure 6' is an enlarged detail section showing the connection between the piston headand onebf the skirt sections.

4 Referring now to the drawing in detail this shows a piston head member 8 provide with the usual set of packing rings 9, and

exterior annular groove. or channel 10v for the attachment of the skirt structure.

This skirt portion I construct'in a plurality showing the same: all sections 12 of spiral or helical form, as clearly fshown in of sections, the drawin made in two mating Figure 4, with. their upper edges provided with inwardly extending flanges lgadaptits lower or outermargin formed withan ed to be received within the groove or chem-y,

nel 10 of the piston head. On its interior the skirt structure is formed with mating I bearing bosses 151 for mountingya wrist pin or sleeve 16, retained in place by means of split expansion springs-17 fitting inshallow grooves 18, as illustrated in Figure 2. The

arrangement of bosses 15 and wrist pin 16.

is such as to lend the most eflicient expanding effect to the skirt sectlons 1 2," that is, to

permit the maximum flexibilityof the skirt sections, the upper margins ofl which are provided, adjacent their anti-cine tapered ends, with recesses 20 for en agement with pins 21 similarlyengaged with the head 8 and designed to prevent any bo'dily shifting of the skirt; structure with relation to the head 8. 1

The flanges 14 of the skirt sectidns12 have1 slopin under faces which enga the similar y s oping upper face of a split expansion ring 22 mounte in said groove, or channel 10. This ring 22, therefore, cooperates with the flanges 14 with a wed e-like' efiect for not only retaining the s 'rt section's 12' drawn into tight fitting relation-to thd head 8, but also imparting a continuous expands ing action to the skirt sections into proper close fittin cylinder. or producing a likejex ending relation to the wall of the 95.

action at the lower portions of t 'e skirt sections, the same are rovided inner faces with reglsteringf v V-sh'a grooves 24 for receiving a split expansion ring 25 which iswedge-shape incross section, thereby operating to'maintain the skirt sections in their proper relation longituon their.

dinally, in addition to cooperating in theexpanding action of, the ri 22.

The exterior faces of the s irt sections 12 are formed with spaced spiral or helical grooves 26 running parallel to the side maror distributing the cylinder. series of openings 27 at difierent points along the grooves 26, communicating with the oil used in lubricating also prefer to provide a gins of the sections, and affording passages roved construction, comunder a constantexpanding pressure exerted by the rings 22 and 25, with the result that the piston skirt will be caused to hug the cylinder wall uniformly onall sides, with even and uniform pressure at all points. In addition to this, the upper ring 22, by its wedgingfunction, maintains a tight fitting connection between the skirt sections and the piston head, thus automatically taking up any wear, and furthermore cooperates with the.- ring25 to maintain the skirt sectionsin proper matched relation andin accurate alinementwith the piston head.- From this it'obviously follows that there will be no' cocking tendency on the part of the piston and piston'rings, and that the same will be .caused to wearevenly, and, since the whole iston structure is made to fit tightly with.- 1n the cylinder at all times, any slapping tendency ofthe piston is eliminated, and the cylinder wall will besubjected to uniform wear all round. As a consequence, this also eliminates what is known as oil pumping in en 'netcylinders, and its attendant evils.

ile I have described and illustrated what I now regard as the preferred form of construction for embodying the invention,

;I desire to reserve the right to make all such changes or modifications as may fairly fall within the scope'of the appended claims. What I claim is: 4 1. A piston construction comprising a piston head, a sectional skirt, and connectin means securing said skirt tosaid head, sai

connecting means being operative to draw I and expansible skirt secbetween said, head an skirt and simultaneously to impart an expanding action to the' latter.

'2. A 'piston construction comprising a piston head, a sectional skirt carried by said cad, and an annular wedge device connecting said head Eand skirt and operative to draw the same bontinuously together to take up for wear.

3. A piston construction comprising a piston head, a sectional skirt carried by said ead, said skirt and headbeing formed with an interengaging groove and tapered flange for suspending said skirt from said head,

and an expansion ring mounted in said 1 said head and skirt together to take up wear groove and cooperating with said flange to impart a continuous expanding action to the sections of said skirt and simultaneously to draw said skirt and head together tota-ke up for wear.

4. A piston construction comprising a piston head, a piston skirt carried by said head and formed of aplurality of helical mating sections, the outer faces of said skirt sections being formed with lubricating grooves extending parallel to the mating edges of said sections, and means acting to impart a continuous expanding action to said skirt sect-ions.

5. A piston construction comprising a.

piston head, a piston skirt carried by said lead and formed of a plurality of helical mating sections, the inner faces of said skirt sections being provided with registering V-shaped grooves, and an expansion ring of tapered cross-section fitting said grooves and acting to impart continuous expanding action to said skirt sections.

In witness whereof I hereunto afiix my signature.

HENRY A. CARSON. 

